Behind every great man is a Frontier

The “take over” of America Timeline

By REBrammer

Official Government Explorer

Unofficial U.S. Government Agent

Captain Joseph Rutherford Walker

"Not everything that can be counted counts and not everything that counts can be counted."-- Albert Einstein.

History…though we seldom so think of it…is not really the story of what happened; it is necessarily the story of what is preserved in the record.

Espionage, counterintelligence, and covert action have been important tools of US political leaders since the founding of the Republic. During the Revolutionary War, General George Washington and patriots such as Benjamin Franklin and John Jay directed a broad range of clandestine operations that helped the colonies win independence. They ran networks of agents and double agents, employed deceptions against the British army, launched sabotage operations and paramilitary raids, used codes and ciphers, and disseminated propaganda and disinformation to influence foreign governments. America's founders all agreed with General Washington that the "necessity of procuring good intelligence is apparent and need not be further urged upon Secrecy, Success depends in Most Enterprises and for want of it, they are generally defeated"

1054: Crab nebula exploded violently in the constellation Taurus.

The dates, July 4, 1054, and April 17, 1056, indicate that the "guest star" was visible to the naked eye for 653 days, at least from China. Yang Wei-Te, Chinese court astronomer/astrologer in those days, reports that in its first two months, the star was of yellow color.

 Ralph Robert Robbins of the University of Texas announced the discovery of additional records in pottery of the Mimbres Indians of New Mexico. The plate probably representing the supernova is e.g. shown on page 68 of Robert Garfinkle's book Star Hopping. As the author lines out, the art style of this plate was used only before 1100 A.D., and carbon-14 dating indicates that this plate was created between 1050 and 1070 AD, so that it is very probably the supernova is depicted, as a 23-rayed star.

1276: Anasazis Indians move from Mesa Verde.

1600: Samuel Rutherford born near Nisbet, Scotland.

1625: George Walker born in Wigtown, Scotland.

1651: Charles II Stuart crowned King of Scotland.

1712: John Walker, wife Katherine Rutherford and brother Alexander Walker move from Wigtown, Scotland to Newry Down, Ireland.

1718: James MacGregor led his group of settlers (including Alexander Walker) move to "Nutfield" New Hampshire.

1729 Summer: John Walker with his family and the children of Alexander sail to America.

1742: Samuel Walker served in the Colonial War under Captain John Buchanan.

1745 September 23rd: John Sevier born in Rockingham Co., VA.

1749: Augusta Academy founded.

1749: (Rene) Auguste Choteau born in New Orleans son of René Choteau and Marie Therése Cerre.

1752 November 4th: Under grand Master Daniel Campbell, George Washington initiated into the Masonic Lodge at Fredericksburg.

1754-63: French and Indian War; French colonies assisted by Native American Indians lost all positions in Canada to the British, while Spain gained Louisiana. Expelled French speaking population were sent to Louisiana creating the Cajon population. American colonies no longer needed British protection from the French, thus setting the stage for the American Revolution.

1754-63: Baron Johan De Kalb was sent to the American Colonies as a carefully disguised, secret agent to determine the attitude of the Colonies toward the British.

1754-1758: George Washington at 22 years old is commissioned Lt Colonel serving as a British officer in the Virginia Militia.

1756 January 29th: "Light Horse Harry" Henry Lee III born in Leesylvania, VA.

 He was the son of Major General Henry Lee II and later father of Robert E. Lee. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel by 1779 with a picked corps of dragoons (Partisans) (Lee's Legion) to serve the southern theatre of war working with the "Swamp Fox" Francis Marion, the father of guerilla (Irregulars) warfare. The commander Harry Lee's personal body guard was Captain Samuel Walker, brother of Joseph Walker Sr.

1758 October 21st: Joseph Walker Sr. born in Rockbridge Co., VA. The people who settled in the valley of Virginia were mostly Presbyterians of Scottish decent coming from Northern Ireland. Many took the name “Scotch-Irish” to disassociate themselves from the poor & illiterate Irish Catholics.

1763 February 10^th: Treaty of Paris established the Mississippi River as the Western limit of British America, with Britain keeping Mobile and the French keeping New Orleans. Louisiana is secretly passed to Spain.

1764 February 15th: Maxent, Pierre Laclede, Auguste Chouteau Sr. establish St. Louis Missouri as an Indian Fur trading location.

1764 April 5^th: British tax on sugar and molasses; know as the American Revenue Act of 1764.

1765 March 22^nd: British Stamp Act required all legal documents, permits, commercial contracts, newspapers, wills, pamphlets, dice, and playing cards in the American colonies to carry a tax stamp.

1767: British pass tax on glass, paper, lead, tea and paints in the American colonies. Money collected was used to pay the salaries of British colonial officials.

 The use of writs of assistance (general warrants) was authorized, and admiralty courts were established at Halifax, Boston, Philadelphia, and Charleston. These then perform the functions of federal courts, since the only other courts in America could be hamstrung by provincial legislatures. These courts could sit "without" juries drawn from the population; therefore it is hard to avoid the conclusion that they were a set up to any non paying American. Just like today!

1767 March 15^th: Andrew Jackson born in the Waxhaws area somewhere between North & South Carolina.

1769 August 2^nd: A party of Spanish explorers developing a trail between San Diego and San Francisco which became known as El Camino Real. A series of missions would be established along this trail. Led by Father Junipero Serra and Captain Gaspar de Portola, and with Fray Juan Crespi to record what they saw, the expedition of about 67 men entered what is now Los Angeles.

1770 March: Boston Massacre (5 people killed).

1772: The British paid their governors directly to preventing the colonies the ability to control them.

1773: British government passes the Tea Act giving the East India Company the right to export to the colonies without paying regular taxes.

1773 May: The governor of Massachusetts demanded that the people pay the taxes and duty on tea. Taxes had always left a sour taste in the mouths of American citizens. This was the beginning of a national hatred of the debt burden being placed on the population that did not create the burden.

1773 December 16^th: Boston Tea Party; was planned at the Green Dragon Tavern, a known Freemason headquarters.

1774: Quebec Act, Boston Port Bill, Alexander Mackenzie comes to America.

1774 to 1776: Major Samuel Houston and Captain Alexander Stuart; donate forty acres of land at Timber Ridge for Augusta Academy which is located in Mount Pleasant Virginia.

1775 May 10th: Silas Deane, Samuel Wyllys, Samuel Parsons and Ethan Allen plan and capture Ticonderoga.

1775 June 17th: Battle of Bunker Hill.

1775 June 29th: George Washington lodged in the home of Silas Deane.

1775 September: James Wilkinson commissioned Captain under Colonel Benedict Arnold.

1775 September 18^th: Congress established the Secret Committee of Correspondence to procure, pay for, and distribute arms, powder, cannons, clothing and other war needs. The first contract was placed with the Willing and Morris firm, which as historian William Graham Sumner observed, “seems to have first given them a reputation for seeking their own profit in the public necessity.”

1776: Robert Morris appointed head of the Secret Committee of Trade.

 By the wars end the American people were loaded with a $25 million war debt to which Morris proposed a land tax, a poll tax, an excise tax and a house tax to help generate revenue for paying debts, but the states wouldn’t agree. Congress appointed Morris to be Superintendent of Finance of the United States in 1781. Three days after becoming Superintendent of Finance Morris proposed the establishment of a national bank. This led to the creation of the first financial institution chartered by the United States, the Bank of North America, in 1782. Morris insisted that Congress allow him to continue his profitable private endeavors while serving in a related public office. By 1795 Robert Morris owned over 6 million acres of land including the western half of New York, 2 million acres in Georgia and 1 million each in Pennsylvania, Virginia and South Carolina.  

1776 March: Silas Deane ordered to France by the Committee of Secret Correspondence as a secret political and financial agent.

Robert Morris's ethics are summed up by this message to his partner, Silas Deane; "It seems to me the opportunities of improving our Fortunes ought not to be lost, especially as the very means of doing it will contribute to the service of our country at the same time."

1776 March 4th: Padre Francisco Garces led by Mohaves, followed prehistoric trail from Tucson Arizona to San Gabriel California.

1776: Arthur Lee the brother of Richard Henry Lee was made a secret agent of the committee in London and later Spain and France. Congress named Arthur, along with Benjamin Franklin and Silas Deane, as Commissioners to the court of Versailles.

 1776 May 13th: The trustees, fired by patriotism, change the name Augusta Academy to Liberty Hall Academy. In the fall, William Graham advertises the new college-level program in Williamsburg's Virginia Gazette:

 "An academy, to be distinguished by the name of Liberty Hall, is now established, for the liberal education of youth on Timber Ridge, in Augusta county, where all the most important branches of literature, necessary to prepare young gentlemen for the study of law, physic, and theology, may be taught to good advantage, upon the most approved plan."

1776 November: Baron Johann De Kalb introduces Lafayette to Silas Deane.

1776 December 7th: Lafayette signs secret agreement with Silas Deane.

1776 -1777: Dominguez-Escalante Expedition for a route from Santa Fe to Monterey, traveling New Mexico, Colorado, Utah & Arizona but not California.

1777 April 26th: Using a disguise, Lafayette secretly leaves from “Passages” Spain.

1777 June 14th: Lafayette and De Kalb arrive in America.

1777 November: Washington County N.C. created, later included present State of Tennessee.

1777 November-1781 March: General James Wilkinson appointed Secretary, on the Board of War under Horatio Gates. During the war, he was a participant in the Conway conspiracy to replace George Washington with Horatio Gates as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.

1777 November 15th: Articles of Confederation ratified March 1, 1781.

1777 December: Irish born Thomas Conway was one of the French Army officers Silas Deane sent to America. General Gates and Conway plotted to displace George Washington of his command but were cut short by informer James Wilkinson.

1778 February 6th: “Treaty of Alliance” signed between France and the United States.

1778 February 7th: Daniel Boone captured at Blue Lick.

1778 February 24th: Britain declares war on France.

1778 May 27th: George Rogers Clark establishes Louisville Kentucky.

1778 July 5th: George Rogers Clark, Joseph Bowman and 30 Virginia Rangers take Cahokia Illinois and establish Fort Bowman.

1778 July 10th: Louis XVI declares war on Britain in revenge.

1779 January: Lafayette return to France to gain more support.

1779 June: Spain as an ally to France enters the American Revolution providing covert aid and supplies to the colonies but does not recognize the independence of the United States.

1779: North Carolina carved Sullivan County out of Washington County. Survey commissioners were John Sevier, Isaac Shelby & John Chisholm. Chisholm’s associate was Stockley Donelson, the brother of Rachel Donelson future wife of Andrew Jackson.

1780 March: Lafayette delivers a secret message to George Washington from King Louis that 6000 troops under Count de Rochambeau will soon arrive.

1780 March 26th: Rev. Isaac Anderson was born in Rockbridge county, Va. Having prepared himself for the ministry, he was licensed to preach the gospel by Union Presbytery, in May, 1802, and in the Autumn following was installed pastor of Washington Church, Knox County, Tenn. Here he labored for about nine years, during which time he also performed much missionary service, which was attended with signal success. In the Spring of 1811 he was called to the New Providence Church, Maryville, took charge of it the next autumn, and there performed the principal part of the labors of his life. The Southwest Theological Seminary, at Maryville, was established chiefly through his instrumentality, and for many years enjoyed the benefit of his labors as a teacher. He died, January 28th, 1857.

1780 May 26th: British & Indian forces attack St. Louis and simultaneous attack Ft Bowman at Cahokia, against George Rogers Clark, Maj. Bowman & Capt John Rogers.

1780 August 18th: Baron Johann De Kalb died.

1780 October 7th: Battle of King’s Mountain, Colonel John Sevier, Colonel Isaac Shelby and Colonel William Campbell defeat Major Patrick Ferguson. Robert Young Sr., grandfather of Ewing Young and Mary Young Walker is claimed to have shot Ferguson first. 

1781 January 17th: Battle of Cowpens an overwhelming victory by American revolutionary forces under Brigadier General Daniel Morgan. 

1781 March 15th: Battle of Guilford Court House.

1781 March: Liberty Hall (now in Lexington) students take part in the battle of Guilford Courthouse in North Carolina with militias from Augusta and Rockbridge Counties, including “Lee’s Legion”.

1781 April 10th: British dragoons attack Waxhaw Church.

1781 April 15th: Lt Colonel Henry Lee & Captain Samuel Walker join forces with Colonel Francis Marion & capture the British garrison at Ft  Watson. 1500 men under Major General Nathanael Green camp at near Camden (South Carolina), a key British base and site of a British victory.

1781 April 25th: Battle of Hobkirk Hill, Prisoner exchange between Colonel Francis Lord Rawdon and Captain Walker included 14 year old Andrew Jackson and his brother.

1781 September: Colonel John Sevier & his “Mountain Men” support General Nathan Greene & Francis Marion. Best success attended the American partisan operations directed by Greene and conducted by Francis Marion, Thomas Sumter, Andrew Pickens, Henry Lee and William Washington.

1781 September 4th: El Pueblo de "Nuestra Señora de los Angeles de la Porciúncula", Los Angeles established, with a population of less than 100 souls.

1781 Sept-Oct: Battle of Yorktown.

1781 December: Robert Morris, who financed the Revolutionary War created the “Bank of North America” and was appointed the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. The government now being $25 million in debt.

1782 January: Lafayette delivers documents from Congress to the King of France.

1782 November: William Graham petitioned the Virginia General Assembly for an Act of Incorporation, which was, in everything but name, a college charter. On December 28, it was signed into law. The incorporation authorized the institution to confer degrees and appoint professors, and constituted the first formal recognition that Liberty Hall Academy offered a college-level education. A close relationship developed with the Presbyterian Church.

1782: Trustees of Liberty Hall, Mulberry Hill near Lexington:

Joseph Walker (1782-1815), William Alexander, Alexander Campbell, Colonel Arthur Campbell, Rev. Edward Crawford, Samuel Doak, Benjamin Erwin, Major John Hays, John Lyle, James McConnell, James McCorkle, Rev. John Montgomery, General Andrew Moore, Rev. Archibald Scott, Archibald Stuart, John Trimble, James Trotter, Caleb Wallace, John Wilson, Rev. William Wilson, Rev. Samuel Carrick (1784-1791),  who was replaced by Rev. Samuel Houston (1791-1826).

1783 April: The State of North Carolina created Greene County in honor of General Nathan Greene; included in the 1783 tax list is Joseph Walker.

1783 May 13th: George Washington creates the “Society of Cincinnati” in New York, for U.S. officers who had served three years in the Continental Army. 2150 officers joined.

1783 June19th: The Society of Cincinnati adopted the Bald Eagle as its insignia at the suggestion of Major Pierre L’Enfant of the Corp of Engineers, who later laid out the Capital.

1783 November: Treaty of Paris.

1783 December 23rd: George Washington resigns as commander in chief.

1784 May 31st: In a letter from Elijah Robertson to William Blount, solicited help for Blount in selecting "located lands." William Blount, in a letter to John Donelson, Joseph Martin, and John Sevier, urged the securing of the lands at the Great Bend of the Tennessee, but the letter continued with advice to open warrant claim bids as low as an eighth of a dollar an acre. The men also were told to create fictional names, in order to get as much land as possible. All these lands thus claimed were later transferred to Blount. The design was, as Blount said, "to get as much land as possible."Usually, surveyors working for Blount decided what were the best ways to do that. Appointments for Blount's friends were forthcoming; Stockley Donelson became the surveyor for what is now East Tennessee, while John Donelson (the son) got a similar appointment in the Cumberland area.
 

1784 June-1788: State of Franklin (East Tennessee) governor John Sevier.

                          Rev. Samuel Houston attempted to write the state constitution.

1785 September: The first commencement ceremony is held at Liberty Hall for twelve graduates who earned the Bachelor of Arts degree. The Commonwealth of Virginia presents General George Washington with a gift of 100 shares of stock in the new James River Company, of which he endorsed over to Liberty Hall in Lexington.

1785 November 28th: Treaty of Hopewell first Cherokee treaty in South Carolina William Blount & Benjamin Hawkins.

1786: James White appointed U.S. Superintendent of Indian Affairs of the Southern Department.

1786: Founding of White's fort.

1786: The Tammany Society formed for the working class Scot-Irish.

1786 May 9th: Auguste P. Chouteau born at St Louis, Missouri.

1787: Mother state of North Carolina orders a road cut into East Tennessee. Captain John Walker lived between Fort Southwest Point and Avery Trace.

1787 June: James Wilkinson gets involved in trading goods down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to New Orleans.

1787 June: "Old Bill" Williams born in North Carolina.

1787 August 8th: James Wilkinson secretly becomes a double agent with Spain. With his partner, Isaac Dunn they contract with Daniel C. Clark  gaining a monopoly on American trade in New Orleans.

1787: Colonel George Morgan received land grant from Spanish minister Don Diego de Gardoqui that would become New Madrid, Missouri.

1788: Ewing Young's Uncle Robert serves with John Sevier.

1789-1799: French Revolution in France.

1789 February 4th: George Washington elected President of U.S.

1789 April 30th: Robert Livingston, Grand Master of New York’s Grand Lodge of Freemasons, administers the oath of office to George Washington.

1789 July 22nd: 31 year old Joseph Walker Sr. marries 19 year old Susan Willis in Goochland County, Virginia.

This was near Tuckahoe Plantation and Manakin, and may have known Thomas Jefferson.

1789 December 14th: Hugh Lawson White married Elizabeth Moore Carrick, the daughter of Rev. Samuel Carrick by his first wife Elizabeth Moore.

1790: Stockley Donelson issued land grant #74 of 5000 acres from North Carolina.  As a surveyor, Donelson had been encouraged to locate lands, not with "haste, but advantage. "Stockley Donelson had helped issue warrants for 97,000 acres for the Blounts.

In 1796, Stockley sold the 5,000 acre-grant and a 1,200-acre adjoining tract to Charles McClung of Knox County. The Donelson 5,000-acre grant then became known as the "McClung Survey." Charles McClung was also rich and powerful. He married Margaret, the daughter of General James White, the founder of Knoxville. Margaret's brother, Hugh Lawson White, was a U.S. Senator from Tennessee. McClung obviously had help along the same lines as Stockley Donelson.   

1790 February: Lucy Walker born to Joseph Walker Sr. and Susan Willis who have only been married for 7 months. (Hum!)

1790 May 25th: Creation of Southwest Territory (south of the Ohio River). President George Washington appointed William Blount as territorial governor, and Rocky Mount Tennessee was its first capital city Loyalty to Blount in turn helped several aspiring lawyers including John McNairy, Archibald Roane, Andrew Jackson and John Overton.

1790-1796: William Blount governor of Southwest territory (Tennessee) who commissioned John Sevier & John Chisholm Justice of the Peace of Washington County. Stockley Donelson appointed Lt. Colonel of Militia.

1790 August 11^th: President Washington expresses his concern about 500 families that have settled on Cherokee land between French Broad & Holstein River.

1790 September 21^st: James Wilkinson bankruptcy precipitates his return to the Army. Daniel C. Clark (the elder) terminates his relationship with Wilkinson.

1791-1793: Lt. William Clark serving under General James Wilkinson gathering intelligence.

1791 July 2^nd: Treaty of Holston Cherokee cede the land effectively Knox County to the Federal government.

William Blount appointed governor & Superintendent of Indian Affairs. His secretaries were Hugh Lawson White & Willie Blount. Estevan Miro displaced by Baron Hector de Carondelet as Governor of Louisiana renewing the cat and mouse game over control of the Cherokees. He continued the Spanish Conspiracy with double agent James Wilkinson.

1791: William Blount, governor of the Southwest Territory, chose White's Fort as the capital of the territory and renamed it Knoxville in honor of Secretary of War Henry Knox.

1791: Captain John Rogers Cooper born.

1792: Rev. Samuel Carrick opens "Blount College" (the town's first school) in Knox County Tennessee.

1792: Blockhouse being built on the Clinch River.  On August 13, 1792 Lt. McClellan, with thirty seven of Captain Evan's Company was attacked on the Cumberland road near Crab Orchard by about one hundred Indians. After twice repelling the warriors he was compelled to retreat with a loss of four men killed.

1792 April 21^st: Secretary of War Henry Knox appoints James Wilkinson a Brigadier General.

1792 May: Frenchman Pedro Vial rides the Santa Fe Trail to St Louis.

1792 June: Knox County created from Greene & Hawkins Counties. Colonel Charles McClung surveys the town of Knoxville.

1792 June 1^st: Kentucky Statehood.

1793: Louis XVI executed, Spain declares war on France.

1793: Mangas Coloradas born in New Mexico.

1793 March 2^nd: General Sam Houston born near Lexington, Virginia.

1793 May: Alexander Mackenzie Scottish born became the first white person to reach the Pacific by crossing overland.

1793 September 18^th: The Grand Lodge of Maryland presides over the laying of the corner stone of the Capital & White House.

JAO = Jahovah, BUL = Baal, ON = Osiris.

1793 November 30^th: Blockhouse completed near South West Point by General John Sevier. Captain John McClellan was placed in command of the fort. Soldiers stationed at South West Point:

Colonel John McClellan, Captain Samuel Walker, Daniel Hitchcock, Dr. Thomas J. Van Dyke, William Flennigan, Captain Abraham McClellan, Stephen Renfro, Abraham Byrd, Paul Cunningham and Lt Carrick 4th Reg. U. S. Cavalry, age 19 died and buried at Post Oak Springs.
 

John McClellan married Mary Wallace daughter of William Wallace, sister of Colonel Matthew Wallace who married Mary Houston the sister of General Sam Houston.

Brother: Abraham McClellan married Jane P. Walker (daughter of Joseph Sr. sister of Joseph R. Walker).

Brother: William L. McClellan married Elizabeth Sevier the daughter of General Sevier. (Note: The Young family were related to the Sevier family by way of Valentine Sevier)

Sister: Anna “Annis” McClellan married Rev. Samuel Carrick. Annis McClellan was the daughter of William McClellan & Barbara Walker, the sister of Joseph Sr. & Aunt of Joseph R. Walker. 

Captain Samuel Walker (brother of Joseph Sr.) married Susan McDonald.            

1796 June 1^st: Southwest Territory becomes the State of Tennessee, John Sevier governor, William Blount Senator. Sevier appoints William Claiborne to the Supreme court.

1796: Andrew Jackson claimed that during some of his work with land grants in Tennessee, he had discovered violations of the law in John Armstrong's land office. Jackson sent his findings to the Governor of North Carolina, Samuel B. Ashe. A long, secret investigation led to the implication of James Glasgow, secretary of state for twenty years, along with other respected members of the General Assembly. These included William Blount, John Gray Blount, and Thomas Blount, as well as William Tyrell, John Sevier, and Stockley Donelson.

1796: Stockley Donelson sold his 5,000 acre-grant and a 1,200-acre adjoining tract to Charles McClung of Knox County. The Donelson 5,000-acre grant then became known as the "McClung Survey."

1796: George Washington giving Liberty Hall an endowment gift of the 100 shares of canal stock, valued at between $25,000 and $50,000 -- at that time the largest gift ever made to a private educational institution in America. The principle remains in the present endowment. The trustees express their gratitude to Washington by changing the name of the school to Washington Academy.

 Following the death of Robert E. Lee, who was its highly influential president after the Civil War until his death in 1870, the school was unanimously renamed to the current Washington and Lee University.

1797: General James Wilkinson becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army.

1798: Aaron Burr gains control of the Tammany Society in New York.

1798: Moses Austin creates new lead mines south of St Louis in Missouri.

1798 February 9^th: Abel Stearns born in Lunenburg, Massachusetts. *Mason*

1798 May 17^th: Nathaniel Pryor (Lewis & Clark) married Margaret Patton.

1798 July 7^th: Congress rescinded treaties with France, considered a semi-official beginning of the Quasi-War. The act was followed two days later with Congressional authorization to attack French vessels.

1798 July 14^th: The first direct federal tax on states was levied by Congress on states-on dwellings, land and slaves. The purpose of the tax was to extinguish part of the debt incurred by the Revolutionary War and in part finance the Quasi-War with France.

1798 December 13^th: Joseph Rutherford Walker born in Knox County Tennessee. On account by James Toomey Walker states his uncle was actually born in Virginia. Brother Joel P. Walker states his parents moved to Knoxville in 1802.

1798 December: Chief Washakie was thought to be born at this time in Montana. On his death in February 1900 he would have been 102 years old.

1799 October 23^rd: Having its roots around Fort Southwest Point, Creation of town of Kingston with John Brown as Sheriff. One county military company was under the command of Captain John Walker. John brown had two brothers, Thomas and William. Thomas Brown was the quartermaster for the garrison at the fort, and a politician of considerable reputation. He served several terms in the Legislature. John Brown was the owner of a large tract of land, including the present site of Rockwood, and for twenty-three years was the sheriff of the county. William Brown became a lawyer and removed to Knoxville and represented Joe and Joel Walker.

1799 December 14^th: George Washington dies.

1800 October 1^st: Napoleon secretly obtains Louisiana from Spain via the Treaty of Ildefonso in exchange for the Kingdom of Etruria (Tuscany, Italy) for the son-in-law of Charles IV. In 1808 Napoleon took back the kingdom & and gave it to his sister.

1801 May 25: William Claiborne appointed governor of the Mississippi Territory at the age of 26.  

1801 June 1st: Brigham Young born.

1801 November 6th: Roane County formed from Knox County. Named after Judge Archibald Roane, governor from 1801-1803.

Among the earliest settlers of Roane County were: Captain Samuel Walker who had commanded the Light Horse Harry Lee bodyguard and Justice of the peace Abraham McClellan. Colonel John McClellan and Joseph Taylor were appointed commissioners to run and mark the line between the counties of Knox and Roane.

1802 March 16th: West Point opened; Lt Alexander Macomb one of the first officers.

1802: The Society of the Cincinnati in Virginia, present Washington Academy with a substantial fund.

1802: Manuel Lisa open trading post in Osage country.

1802 May 18th: Britain declares war on France. Port of New Orleans closed to American shipping.

1802: 16 year old A. P. Chouteau returns from France.

1802 September 2^nd: Thomas Oliver Larkin born.

1803 January 18^th: Thomas Jefferson sends a secret letter to Congress.

1803 April: Louisiana Purchase from France, Napoleon feared that Louisiana might fall into British hands.

1803 November 30^th: Pierre Clement de Laussat; Napoleon’s Commissioner accepts possession of Louisiana from Spain.

1803 December 20th: General James Wilkinson takes position of Louisiana from Commissioner Laussat. William Claiborne appointed Territorial Governor.

1803-06: Lewis and Clark, Corp of Discovery. Nathaniel Pryor & his cousin Charles Floyd Jr. were of the first to volunteer.

1804 February 11^th: Pompy Charboneau son of Sacagawea born.

1804 March 17^th: James Bridger born.

1804 March 26^th: Meriwether Lewis staying at the house of Pierre Chouteau Sr.

1804 May: President Thomas Jefferson Appoints A. P. Chouteau to West Point and his father Pierre Chouteau Sr. as U.S. Indian agent and Auguste Chouteau Sr. as territorial justice.

1804 July: Alexander Hamilton was killed in a duel with Aaron Burr.

1805: Mormon Joseph Smith born.

1805 July 30^th: General James Wilkinson appointed U.S. Military Governor of Louisiana Purchase, assisting William Claiborne.

1805 September to 1806 April: Zebulon Pike and 20 men journeyed from St Louis to the source of the Mississippi on a reconnaissance of the British fur trade.

1806: A. P. Chouteau graduates from West Point with the rank of ensign, and served as aide to General James Wilkinson.

1805 May: Andrew Jackson kills Charles Dickinson in a duel.

1806 July: Zebulon Pike & James Wilkinson Jr. and 24 men were ordered to the South-West to gather intelligence against Spain and use disguises if necessary.

1806: Aaron Burr Conspiracy. Wilkinson exposed Burr’s plot to invade Mexico.

1806 September: Major Sam Houston dies suddenly at Dennis Callighan’s Tavern 40 miles west of Timber Ridge Virginia while on military inspections.

1807: Manuel Lisa builds Fort Raymond Lisa at the mouth of the Bighorn, Montana.

1807: Lewis & Clark member, John Colter joins Manuel Lisa and his Missouri Fur Company. Colter becomes first white man to see Yellow Stone Lake and Jackson’s Hole in WY called Colter’s Hell.

1807 April: Zebulon Pike in Chihuahua meets with a Lt Walker an American from New Orleans of an English father and French mother. Lt Walker had been employed by Andrew Ellicotts a deputy surveyor on the Florida line from 1797 to 1798.

1807: A. P. Chouteau and Nathaniel Pryor up the Missouri River & unsuccessful attempt to escort Mandan Chief Shahaka home.

1807: William Clark U.S. Indian Agent & Militia commander for Louisiana Territory.

1807: Meriwether Lewis replaces James Wilkinson as Governor of Louisiana Territory. Lewis was frequently at odds with General Wilkinson and even his own Lt. Governor, Frederick Bates (former territorial Judge of Michigan).

1808: Fort Osage built. George Chaplin Sibley appointed Indian agent by Thomas Jefferson.

1808: John Jacob Astor organized the American Fur Company.

1808 January 13th: 18 year old Lucy Walker marries Ambrose Toomey.

1809: Fort Mandan built and Chief Shahaka returned to his tribe.

1809: John Colter runs from the Blackfoot Indians in the “human hunt” game.

1809: In the presents of Meriwether Lewis = Benjamin Wilkinson, A. P. Chouteau Jr., Pierre Chouteau Sr., William Clark, Reuben Lewis, Manuel Lisa, Silvestre Labadie, and Pierre Menard, William Morrison and Andrew Henry, Dennis Fitzhugh; form the St. Louis Missouri Fur Company.

 (Benjamin Wilkinson was the brother of General James Wilkinson; Labadie was a brother-in-law to Chouteau’s father; Reuben Lewis was brother to Meriwether Lewis.) (Funding thought to be provided by the U.S. government.)

1809-1811: Thomas Hart Benton Tennessee Senator.

1809: President James Madison sends Joel R. Poinsett as a “Special Agent” to South America to investigate revolutionist freedom from Spain.

1809 October 9^th: Meriwether Lewis having discovered certain secrets about James Wilkinson was murdered on route to Washington, near Hohenwald, Tennessee. Lewis aware of Wilkinson’s involvement in the treacherous Aaron Burr plot over the Louisiana Territory also caused him to fear being painted with the same brush.

1809 December 24^th: Christopher Carson born in Madison County, Kentucky. This was also the hometown of Colonel Benjamin Cooper, William Wolfskill and Mathew Kinkead.

1810: Andrew Henry & Manuel Lisa build fort on Clark’s fork of Snake River.

1810 June 23^rd: John Jacob Astor registered the Pacific Fur Company with partners McKay, McKenzie and McDougall.

1810 July: Astor expedition to the West coast led by Wilson Price Hunt.

1810 September: Astor sends his ships Tonquin & Beaver to build Fort Astoria.

1811: Most severe winter, Red River rose 50 feet and 8 miles wide.

1811 January 15^th: Secret session in Congress to war on Spain and annex Florida.

1811: John James Abert graduates from West Point & served the War office.

1811: John Jacob Astor purchased the Mackinaw Company & hires Alexander McKay.

1811: Jean Baptiste Champlain (MFC) expedition from Yellowstone to Santa Fe, only 4 of 23 arrive. Also another one led by Manuel Lisa and a third one for Wilson Price Hunt led by Charbonneau and Sacagawea.

1811 December 16^th: New Madrid, Missouri earthquake.

1812: Robert Stuart discovers the Oregon South Pass but was required by Astor to keep it secret.

1812 April 4^th: Louisiana Statehood, U.S. mobilizing for War.

1812 May: Sam Houston opens school in Maryville, Tennessee.

1812 June 4^th: Louisiana Territory renamed Missouri Territory.

1812 June 18^th: War with Great Britain and Canada. John Jacob Astor underwrites the war in hopes of gaining their Fur trade.

1812: Bill Williams volunteered as a scout for the Mounted Rangers.

1812: Colonel Benjamin Cooper builds Fort Cooper at Boone’s Lick Missouri. 10 year old Jacob Gregg arrives with family.

1812 August 16^th: Shawnee war Chief Tecumseh is at Fort Detroit.

1812 December 20^th: Sacagawea dies at Fort Manuel Lisa.

1812 December – 1813 April: Colonel Thomas H. Benton commander of 2^nd regiment of Tennessee Volunteer Infantry under Andrew Jackson expedition to Natchez. Colonel John Coffee, commander of Tennessee Volunteer Cavalry married Rachel Jackson’s niece, Mary Donelson.

1813 January 7^th – March: Andrew Jackson leads troops to Natchez.

1813 February: Creek civil war between upper town “Red Sticks” and lower town Creeks & Cherokee.

1813 March 3^rd: Topographical engineers authorized for duty by War department.

1813 March: Sam Houston enlists in regular Army.

1813 April: Donald McTavish brings first European woman Jane Barnes to Oregon.

1813 July 27^th: Battle of Burnt Corn (80 miles north of Pensacola. US Army soldiers from Fort Mims ambush Peter McQueen and his “Red Stick” Creek Indians.

1813 August 11^th: General William Clark becomes guardian of “Pompy” Tousant (10y) & Lizette (1y) Charbonneau.

1813 August 30^th: Peter McQueen & William Weatherford with a force of Creek “Red Sticks” attack Fort Mims.

1813 September 4^th: Andrew Jackson shot by Jesse and Thomas Hart Benton.

1813 September 14^th: Governor Willie Blount calls on Colonel Andrew Jackson & General William Cocke to lead Tennessee troops against the Creeks.

1813 October 5^th: Chief Tecumseh killed.

1813 November 3^rd: Andrew Jackson victory at Tallushatchee & adopts Indian baby boy Lyncoya.

1813 November 9^th: Andrew Jackson victory at Talladega.

1813 December 31^st: Sam Houston along with the 39^th US Army Infantry under Colonel John Williams (Fort Williams) marched to Andrew Jackson.

1814 January: Joseph R. Walker, Joel P. Walker, Samuel K. Walker, & Audley P. Walker volunteer for duty to support General Andrew Jackson under command of Captain James McKamy (McKamey) Company, Colonel John Brown’s Regiment; General John Coffee’s Brigade. 2nd Regiment Mounted Gunmen East Tennessee Volunteer Militia.

This was the second regiment that Colonel Brown commanded during the war. With just over 200 volunteers in the unit, they were used primarily as guards for the supply wagons traveling through Creek territory. As part of Doherty's brigade, they were put under the command of General John Coffee at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend (27 March 1814) where they participated in the fighting. Their line of march took them from East Tennessee through Lookout Mountain, Fort Strother, Fort Williams, and Fort Jackson. Colonel Brown was the sheriff of Roane County at the start of the war.

1814 January 14^th: Bannock Indians destroy Astor’s Boise River trading post.

1814 January 22^nd – 24^th: Emuchfaw & Enotachopco engagements. Major A. Donaldson killed.

1814 March 27^th: Battle of Horseshoe Bend, Alabama. Included were Lt. Jesse Bean and his company of Mounted Spies, Sam Houston, Davey Crockett, Joseph R. Walker and Joel P. Walker.

1825 December 28^th: General James Wilkinson dies in Mexico City.

1826: Samuel M. Rutherford, Muskogee, Oklahoma, was for many years clerk for Pryor and Richards at Arkansas Post, was sheriff of Pulaski County.

1826: On a voyage to the California coast aboard the Maria Ester Henry Delano Fitch met fifteen year old Josefa Carrillo in San Diego. Josefa’s cousin was Pio Pico.  General Mariano Vallejo married Josefa’s younger sister Francisca Benicia Carrillo.

1826: Stephen Watt Kearney Commander of Jefferson Barracks.

1826: Samuel P. Heintzelman & Albert S. Johnston graduate from West Point.

1826 January 22nd: Ill health brings Ewing Young back to Taos.

1826 January: Jed Smith’s party crossed the Kaw (Kansas) River to winter on the Republican Fork. Supplies were scarce and one-third of the company's mules died. Smith dispatched Jim Beckwourth ahead to the Pawnee Village and Moses Harris back to Ashley in St. Louis for resupply.

1826 February: Jim Bridger and other Ashley-Smith men discovered that “No” Buenaventura River flowed westward from the great Salt Lake.

1826 February 13^th: William Workman currently in Taos, ask his brother David Workman to ship him a still for making whisky.

1826 February 16^th: Ewing Young, acting as a messenger for George Sibley, heads to Missouri with Captain Richard Brannin.

                                William Wolfskill leads 10 trappers on failed expedition.

1826 April 14th: William Ashley, William Campbell, Moses Harris, and the trapper caravan of 100 men left St. Louis. A party with Campbell traveled via the Platte River and the others followed the Sweetwater River. In the mountains they met William O'Fallon who had spent the winter in the high country.

1826 May 18^th: Ewing Young delivers messages to Benjamin Reeves in Fayette, Missouri.

1826 May: Ewing Young learns of the unsuccessful expedition of William Wolfskill, Peg-Leg Smith, Milton Sublette along the Colorado River.

1826 June: General Sam Houston visits West Point.

1826 July: Young hired Wolfskill to lead his Gila trapping expedition which included Milton Sublette, George Yount, Peg-Leg Smith, and Maurice Le Duc.

1826 July: Cache Valley rendezvous with Louis Vasquez, James Clyman, Henry G. Fraeb, Daniel T. Potts, and many others. After Rendezvous, Jedediah Smith, David Jackson, and William Sublette bought out Ashley's interest in their company and formed a new partnership.

Recorded marriages by Joel P. Walker: Feb. 15, 1827     Silas Hitchcock & Margaret Patterson, Feb. 15, 1827     Francis Prine & Eliza Daily, Feb. 26, 1827     David Butterfield & Nancy Graham, Sept. 27, 1827   Jonathan Cameron & Phebe Conner, Dec. 11, 1827    Daniel Prine & Catherine Bryant, Mar. 4, 1828      Jacob Gregg & Nancy Lewis, Mar. 11, 1828   Reuben Collins & Hannah Crisp, July 3, 1828       Jeremiah Burns & Sarah Baxter, July 8, 1828       Bryant Baxter & Sarah Ross, Feb. 5, 1829      Andrew Gorda & Lucinda Prine, Oct. 28, 1829    James Glass & Hepsabie Morris, Sept. 20, 1832  John Bledsoe & Mary Adams, Sept. 8, 1833    Wm. Bryant & Vuela Adams, Nov. 5th 1833  Wyatt Adkins & Mary Bledsoe, Jan. 11, 1834     Samuel Burgin & Betsy Blest (?)  , Jan. 13, 1834    Amos Barnes & Mary Tucker, Feb. 6, 1834     Abraham Bledsoe & Betsy Warden

1827 May 20^th: Jed Smith, Robert Evans, and Silas Gobel head to Utah from California.

1827 June 22^nd: Robert Evans gave out due to lack of water but two days later he was revived by Smith.

1827 June: Joseph Walker’s first term as Jackson County Sheriff, Jacob Gregg deputy, Joel Walker justice of the peace of Fort Osage township.

 Walker's fame as a marksman and his complete fearlessness made him a terror to all evildoers. His words were few and there was no bravado, but low tones and keen blue eyes were well understood.

1827 June: Ft. Atkinson abandoned.

1827 June: Ewing Young and Milton Sublette having problems with new governor Antonio Armijo over furs.Young gets one day in Jail.

1827: Richard Campbell and 35 men travel from Santa Fe to San Diego and back again without any difficulty and trapped the great Central Valley of California.

1827 July 3rd: With the help of friendly Snakes, Jed Smith, Robert Evans and Silas Gobel arrive at the Bear Lake Rendezvous.

1827 July 7^th: Jackson County court orders Sheriff Joseph R. Walker to find a place for the Circuit Court to meet.

1827 July 13^th: Jed Smith along with 18 men and 2 Indian women depart the Bear Lake rendezvous.

 Robert Evans refused to return to California. Silas Gobel, Isaac Galbraith, Henry “Boatswain” Brown, David Cunningham, William Deromme, William Campbell, Thomas Daws, Polette Labrosse (mulatto), Francisco Deromme, Joseph Lapointe, Toussaint Marechal, Gregory Ortago (spanish), Joseph Palmer, John B. Ratelle, John Relle (Canadian), Robiseau (half-breed), John Turner, Charles Swift, Thomas Virgin. (Richard Taylor?)

1827 August 18^th: Jed Smith attacked by same Mohave Indians.

 10 killed: Gobel, Brown, Cunningham, Campbell, Deromme, Labrosse, Ortago, Ratelle, Relle, Robiseau and two Indian women taken. Virgin and Galbraith wounded.

1827 September: Isaac Galbraith and Thomas Virgin remain at the Rancho San Bernardino to recover.

1827 September 20^th: Jed Smith and six men reunited with men on the Stanislaus and instead of bringing replenishment he only brought misfortune.  He is later arrested at the San Jose Mission. Here he is visited by Captain John Rogers Cooper and Thomas P. Parks.

1827-1829: Sam Houston defeats Willie Blount to become Governor of Tennessee.

1827: Philip Saint George Cooke graduates from West Point.

1827 September 22^nd: Angel Moroni delivered golden plates to Joseph Smith. The plates by the aid of "Urim and Thummim," and a pair of magic spectacles, he translated them from behind a curtain, dictating the" Book of Mormon" to Martin Harris.

 Joseph told Isaac Hale that the gold plates were right in front of them on the table, in a box covered by a cloth. It was not necessary for Joseph to see the plates in order to decipher them. He could read the plates, understand them, and translate them into English, by gazing into the Magic stones. However, in order to see into the stones, he had to shut out all extraneous light. Therefore, he put the stones into his hat and covered his face with the hat.

 When Isaac asked to see the golden plates, Joseph refused permission. Joseph said that, if anyone besides himself looked at the golden plates, it would mean instant death for the person.

 Isaac considered Joseph to be an arrogant, fraudulent, and lazy young man, totally unworthy to marry his daughter Emma. After being turned down by Isaac Hale, Joseph continued to visit his daughter while Isaac was away on frequent and extended hunting trips.

 Isaac later said, "The manner in which Joseph pretended to read and interpret was the same as when he looked for the money-diggers, with the stones in his hat, and his hat over his face." One man mortgaged his farm to support Joseph. This man's wife (who considered Joseph's scriptures a hoax) was so incensed that she left her husband. One witness reported that he saw only an empty box.

1827 October: Old Jed Smith thrown in the Monterey jail by governor Echeandia. Smith finds Daniel Ferguson and John Wilson in town.

1827 November: Jed Smith sells his furs for $4,000 to Captain John Bradshaw and Supercargo Rufus Perkins of the Boston owned “Franklin”. On November 15^th Smith sailed with Bradshaw to San Francisco where Harrison Rogers and men were waiting.

1827 December 17^th: Tom Virgin arrived in San Jose to rejoin the expedition, also Isaac Galbraith visits but only wanted to sell his furs.  

1827 December 23^rd: Jed Smith writes to Joel R. Poinsett in Mexico City complaining of his harsh treatment by the authorities.

1827 December 24^th: 18 year old Kit Carson employed as a cook for Ewing Young in Taos.

1827 December 30^th: Jed Smith departs San Jose Mission and writes that “San Francisco had the most safe harbor on the Western Coast of America, being spacious and deep enough for the largest vessels”.

 Smith had a party totaling twenty men, which included Harrison Rogers, nine leftover from the first expedition of 1826, seven survivors of the Mohave massacre, a young British sailor named Richard Leland and a trapper named Louis Pombert. 1+10+2+7=20

1828 February: Reed and Pombert desert Jed Smith leaving 18 men.

1828 March 20^th: Secretary of State Henry Clay and Mexican minister to the United States issue Ewing Young an Official passport.

1828: Fort Union built by Kenneth Mackenzie for American Fur Company.

1828 March 27th: James O. Pattie in San Diego Presidio prison along with Sylvester Pattie, James Puter, Jesse Ferguson, Isaac Slover, William Pope, Richard Laughlin, and Nathaniel Pryor.

1828 April 14^th: Abel Stearns becomes a naturalized Mexican citizen.

 Two of his most common visitors are Ewing Young & Don Jose Walker. John Temple & George Rice open a general store in L.A.

1828 April 26^th: Ewing Young, Richard Campbell, John Pearson and Julian Green apply for New Mexican passports. William Wolfskill leaves Boone's Lick for good and arrives in Taos with trading goods to be sold by Young. Kit Carson becomes Young's cook.

1828 July 12^th: Jed Smith put a rope around an Indian Chief’s neck for stealing an axe.

1828 July 14^th: Jed Smith attacked by Indians on the Umpqua River; all but 4 men killed & loose of all furs & equipment. (except old Jed Smith, Richard Leland, Arthur Black and John Turner. Later only 11 bodies were buried 4 were never recovered. Total body count comes out to be 19 because of the acquisition of the Indian boy Marion.

15 killed: Charles Swift, Toussant Marishall, Joseph Palmer, Joseph LaPoint, Thomas Daws, Thomas Virgin, Abraham LaPlant, Harrison G. Rogers, Peter Ranne, Manuel Lazarus, Martin McCoy, John Gaite, John Hanna, John Reubascan and Marion.

1828-1829: Sixteen other men killed that worked for the firm of "Smith, Jackson, Sublette":

Pierre Irrequois, Joseph Coty, Francois Bouldeau, J. Johnson, A. Godair, P.W. Sublette, F. Rashotte, J.B. Joundreau, William Bell, James Scott, J. O’Hara, Ephraim Logan, Peter Spoon, Ezekiel Abel, Philip Adam, Luke Lariour.

1828 July: James Pattie acting interpreter during the smuggling trial of Captain John Bradshaw of the Franklin. Bradshaw successfully ran the harbor but was wounded. Franklin, J. Bradshaw, master.

1828 July: Bear River rendezvous.    

1828 August: Jed Smith, Leland and Turner arrive at Fort Vancouver.

1828 July-August: Kit Carson working as teamster for Robert McKnight at the Santa Rita del Cobra copper mines for two months then returned to Taos.

1828 November 20^th: Joseph R. Walker becomes administer of Ambrose Toomy deceased.

1828 - November 9th - Humboldt River first discovered by Peter Skene Ogden on his fifth Snake Country expedition 1828-1829. This was Ogden's last expedition to the Snake Country.

1828 December 14^th: Alexander McLeod’s party and Jed Smith return to Fort Vancouver. John Turner quits Smith and hires on to Hudson Bay Company as guide to McLeod. Richard Leland, a British subject also stayed at the Fort.

1828 winter- spring 1829: Wolfskill travels to El Paso to purchase wine.

1829 January: Lt Colonel Isaac Roberdeau dies & Major John Abert is put in command of the Topographical Bureau.

1829-37: Major General Andrew Jackson President of the U.S.

1829: Chief Walker begins horse raids in California. About the same time as Ewing Young and Kit Carson are buying horses in California!

1829 March: William Lyon Mackenzie of Canada met with Andrew Jackson.

1829 March 7^th: William Sublette leaves St. Louis with 55 men including Robert Newell.

1829 March 12^th: Jed Smith, Arthur Black and the great “South West Expedition” leave Fort Vancouver, with no furs, no horses, no money and no men.  

1829 May 20th: Sam Houston forms his own trading post at Wigwam Neosho near Fort Gibson suggested to Colonel Arbuckle to pick A.P. Chouteau to lead an expedition and would also be a worthy Indian commissioner.

1829 June 16^th: Geronimo born in Arizona.

1829: Pauline Weaver answers ad in Little Rock, Arkansas Gazette placed by Captain John Rogers Jr. looking for 100 trappers.

1829: Alfred Robinson arrives in California.

1829 June: Sheriff Joe Walker’s second term, records his last case around October-November. Captain Walker never actively served his second term.

1829: Robert E. Lee graduates from West Point.

1829 July 9th: to October 10th: Major Bennett Riley led the first military escort from Fort Leavenworth to the U.S. border for a wagon train headed southwest to Santa Fe. American troops summer at the Arkansas crossing.

1829 July: 120 Mexican troops join the wagon train along with Ewing Young, Kit Carson and 95 Taos trappers.

1829 July: Popo Agie rendezvous.

1829 July 7th: Colonel John Walker dies. Post Oak Graveyard, Roane County, Tenn.

1829 Summer: Abel Stearns sailed into Monterey Bay on the schooner, Dorothea.

1829 August: Ewing Young and 40 men, including Kit Carson head to California to trap and buy horses with passport from Henry Clay & Mexican minister headed to Colorado, then Navajo country, Green River. Half returned to New Mexico while Young & 18 men set for Sacramento Valley taking the southerly route through Arizona arriving Mission San Gabriel early 1830.

Heading north of Taos, west over the divide past San Juan & Chama Rivers to the Colorado. Somewhere near the Salt River, Young kills 15 to 20 Apache.

Having sent half the party back to Taos, 21 men pass thru the Cajon Pass to mission San Gabriel, trapping along the Sacramento & San Joaquin Rivers, unlike Jed Smith, Young has no difficulties from Mexican officials. They encounter Peter Skene Ogden and 60 men of the Hudson Bay Company & traveled with them for 10 days.

1829 August 5^th: Jed Smith rejoins William Sublette and David E. Jackson at the Teton range.

1829: Mexico refuses to sell Texas to America for $5 million.

1829 November 7th:  Antonio Armijo, a Mexican merchant, led a group of 60 men, including Rafael Rivera, to explore parts of the West to find a new route from New Mexico to California passing along the Las Vegas Valley discovering the wild grass meadow and artesian spring.

1829 December 25th: the Armijo group made it near the northwest corner of Arizona.

1829 December-1830 January: Sam Houston meets with President Andrew Jackson.

1830 - January 8th: Antonio Armijo pack train. The successful completion of the journey opened a trade route between the two Mexican provinces of New Mexico and California. It was on this trip that a portion of the Old Spanish Trail was discovered.

1830: Andrew Jackson and congress pass the Indian Removal Act. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 marked the beginning of the forced removals of the Five Civilized Tribes to Oklahoma.... Colonel Arbuckle promoted to brevet Brigadier-General .

1830: Jonathan Trumbull Warren arrives in Santa Fe.

1830: Censes records show Joseph R. Walker supporting a family of 12 members.  

Male white: under 5y = 1; 5-9y = 1; 10-14y = 1; 15-19y = 1; 20-29 = 3; 30-39y = 1 (this is Joe)

Female white: 10-14y = 1; 15-19y = 3, 40-49 = 1. This is probably Joe's sister Lucy (Walker) Toomey

Two of the older boys were probably son's of Ambrose Toomey who died in 1828.

1830 January: Joe Walker leaves his deputy Jacob Gregg (brother of Josiah Gregg) as Sheriff and goes horse shopping.

1830 March 25th: William Wolfskill becomes a Mexican citizen.

1830 April 6th: Mexico passes a law prohibiting immigration of US citizens into Texas.

1830 May 9^th: Colonel Robert leaves Fort Smith with a party of 48 men, heading to New Mexico.

 Henry Naile, Isaac Graham, George Nidever, Dye Nidever, Henry Naile, Alexander, Pruett Sinclair, Frederick Christ, Joseph L. Majors, William Billie Ware, Colonel Robert Bean, William Bean, John Sanders, John Porter, Jonos Bidler, Isaac Williams, Dr. James Craig, Mark Nidever, John Fay, James Wilkenson, John Chard, Jonos English, Chamber Spaulding, John Price, Alexander St. Clair, Pruitt St. Clair, Thomas Dorgan, James Anderson, Joseph Gibson, Frederick Christ, Powell Weaver, Cambridge Green, Pleasent Austin, James Boley, George Gould, Thomas Hammond, John Pullium, Cyrus Christian and Ambrose Tomlinson.

1830 July 6th: Captain Samuel Walker dies. Post Oak Graveyard, Roane County, Tenn. This may be about the time Samuel S. Walker moved his mother and family to Jackson County Missouri.

1830 July 15^th: Ewing Young, Kit Carson and 11 others helped Mexican troops (as reported by Jose Berreyeza) to suppress mission Indian uprising. At some point French trappers Francois Turcote, Jean Vaillant and Anastase Carier desert.

Here he showed his passports to catch beaver and buy horses and sell furs to Captain Don Jose Asero in San Jose (Joseph). Young is also friends with Captain J.B.R. Cooper.

1830 Summer: Sam Houston marries Tina Rogers near Fort Gibson then buys the Grand Saline from A. P. Chouteau. Other neighbors were Nathaniel Pryor, Hugh Glen, Captain John Rogers and Colonel Hugh Love.

1830: Stephen Watt Kearney marries the step daughter of General William Clark.

1830 September: Wolfskill, George C. Yount, Ceran St. Vrain, Bill Williams, Peg leg Smith, Nathaniel Pryor, Richard Laughlin and 20 trappers left Taos for California, opening a more desirable wagon route on the Old Spanish Trail.

1830 October 30^th: Governor Jose Maria Echeandia granted twenty square leagues of land to Abel Stearns and George Washington Eayrs along the San Joaquin River. 

1830 October 7^th: Ewing Young and Kit Carson depart from California with horses and mules. Young writes a letter to John Rogers Cooper in Monterey how John Higgins shot James Lawrence.

1830 October 29th: Jed Smith sends a letter to Secretary of War, John H. Eaton as to his observations and gained information that he felt important to the government.

1830 November: Ewing Young’s trappers are now in the horse and mule business with a vengeance; begin stealing stolen Spanish horses from Indians, probably Apache.

                          Young's horses and mules went over the Spanish Trail to Missouri.

1830 November: Colonel Robert Bean party arrives in Taos and spent the winter.

1830: Captain Walker drives horses to Fort Gibson. (Possible Young's horses and if so he would have used the Spanish Trail)

1830 December 15th: To General Jackson:

 Sir: I have the honor to address you upon the subject of one of your old soldiers at the 'Battle of Orleans.' I allude to Capt. Nathaniel Pryor, who has for several years past, resided with the Osages as a Sub-Agent by appointment of Governor Clark but without any permanent appointment from Government. A vacancy has lately occurred by the decease of Mr. Carr, subagent for the Osages; and I do most earnestly solicit the appointment for him. When you were elected President of the U. States I assured you that I would not annoy you with recommendations in favor of persons who might wish to obtain office or patronage from you; But as I regard the claims of Capt. Pryor as peculiar and paramount to those of any man within my knowledge, I cannot withhold a just tribute of regard. He was the first man who volunteered to accompany Lewis and Clark on their tour to the Pacific Ocean. He was then in the Army some four or five years. Resigned and at the commencement of the last war entered the Army again and was a captain in the Forty-fourth Regiment under you at New Orleans; and a braver man never fought under the wings of your Eagles. He has done more to tame and pacificate the dispositions of the Osages to the whites, and surrounding tribes of Indians than all other men; and has done more in promoting the authority of the U. States and compelling the Osages to comply with demands from Colonel Arbuckle than any person could have supposed. Capt. Pryor is a man of amiable character and disposition—of fine sense, strict honor—perfectly temperate in his habits—and unremitting in his attention to business. "The Secretary of War assured me when I was last at Washington that his 'claim should be considered of'—yet another was appointed and he was passed by. He is poor—having been twice robbed by Indians of furs and merchandise—some ten years since. For better information in relation to Capt. Pryor, I will beg leave to refer you to General Campbell, Colonel Benton and Governor Floyd of Va., who is his first cousin. With every wish for your glory and happiness, I have the honor to be your most obt. servt.

"Sam Houston"

1831: West Point graduate Colonel Auguste Pierre Chouteau appointed Superintendence of Emigration west of Arkansas.

1831 February: William Wolfskill in LA. George Calvert Yount (1794-1865) came to California with William Wolfskill chiefly hunted Otter on San Francisco Bay.

1831 February 5th: Wolfskill arrives Antonio Maria Lugo ranch.

1831 February: Wolfskill arrived LA. He will send the bulk of his men back to New Mexico but himself, Yount and 5 others will remain to hunt Sea Otter.
 

 1831 spring: Thomas Fitzpatrick returning from Indian country with Arapaho boy named “Friday” meets Robert Campbell in Mo.

1831 spring: Ewing Young returns to Santa Fe, apparently missing Wolfskill.

1831 March 2^nd: Jed Smith sends another letter to Secretary of War John Eaton.

1831 April: Ewing Young back in Taos to discover he had a son, little Joaquin.

1831 April 10^th: Jed Smith, Billy Sublette, Davy Jackson, Tom Fitzpatrick leave St. Louis head for New Mexico.

1831 April 30^th: Smith, Jackson, Sublette arrive in Independence.

1831 May 1^st: Captain Joseph R. Walker with another herd of horses & mules meets with Sam Houston, Captain Bonneville, and two well-to-do Frenchmen at Fort Gibson.

Also there was the fort Commander Colonel Matthew Arbuckle; Captain Nathaniel Pryor, US sub agent ( Sergeant who served in Lewis and Clark's expedition); Captain George Vashon (formerly of the Seventh Infantry) the Cherokee West agent; Major Dunning D. McNair, sub agent for Osages; Major Paul Liguest Chouteau, US Indian agent for Osages (brother to Auguste Pierre Chouteau and Pierre (Cadet) Chouteau Jr.); and Louis Pharamond Chouteau, acting agent for the Western Creek Agency (half brother of A. P. Chouteau). 

In 1831 Pierre (Cadet) Chouteau Jr. became a member of Bernard Pratte and Company, which was the Western agent of Astor's "American Fur Company". With the withdrawal of John Jacob Astor from the American Fur Company in 1834, Pratte, Chouteau and Company bought all the Missouri River interests of the old company.

1831 May: Fort Gibson originally a four-company post, the fort was expanded to accommodate a regiment and it became the district headquarters of Seventh US Infantry. Horse troops were added to the garrison with the arrival of the Mounted Rangers in 1831-1832. Captain Walker always seemed to know when to bring fresh horses to the fort.

1831 May 4^th: Smith, Jackson, Sublette depart Independence.

1831 May 27^th: Jed Smith shot in the back and killed by Comanche Indians on the Cimarron River near the Philmont Boy Scout Ranch. Smith’s body was never recovered and most likely eaten by wolves and crows and left to bleach in the sand.

Captain Walker had known him since 1825 when they signed the Santa Fe Trail treaty. The local Indian trader was Cadet's 1/2 brother, Frederick Chouteau whose trading post was part of the American Fur Company. It is this same Frederick Chouteau who would become the father of Peter Chouteau in 1859 who would live at the Walker Manzanita Ranch as Pete Carpenter in 1875.

1832 May: Young helped drive the animals as far as the Colorado and return to California.

1832 June: Sam Houston in New York to negotiate trip to Texas.

1832 June: Brigadier General José Figueroa was appointed governor of California. He was more to the liking of the San Diegans, yet they still did not have the city status to which they felt they were entitled.

1832 June: Young and Warner back in LA. Also Moses Carson, Isaac Williams, Ambrose Tomlinson, Isaac Sparks, Joseph Dougherty, William Emerson, Denton.

1832 July: Ewing Young arrives in Santa Fe with 600 mules & 100 horses (Pauline Weaver may have been with Young).

1832 July 8^th: Pierre’s Hole rendezvous at the foot of the Three Tetons in Teton County, Idaho.

 This event, held at the same spot many times, would prove to be one of the notable years, with many attending who would latter go down in mountain men history. James O' Fallon, James Bridger, Moses Harris, Thomas Fitzpatrick, Henry Fraeb, William and Milton Sublette, Nathaniel Wyeth, Zenas Leonard, the Sinclair's group of fifteen men, including Isaac Graham. Sinclair's men joined with Nathaniel Wyeth, Milton Sublette, Henry Fraeb and others leaving Pierre's Hole on July 17.

1832 July: William Sublette wounded in arm in conflict with Blackfeet; Thomas Fitzpatrick lost two horses. Robert Campbell sells goods to Bill Fallon and James Vanderburg.

1832 July 17^th: Pierre’s Hole rendezvous ends.

1832 July 20^th: Bonneville column on the Sweetwater River.

1832 Summer: Washington Irving traveled overland from St. Louis to Fort Gibson. Robert Campbell & William Sublette returning to St. Louis with $50,000 worth of Beaver first pass by Bonneville and later saw Washington Irving in Jackson County.

1832 July 24^th: Joe Walker heading the Bonneville expedition traversed South Pass camping on the Green River. These were the first wagons to cross South Pass on what would be the Oregon Trail.

Fontenelle lured away Bonneville’s prized Delawares at double wages. Bonneville never made it to the 1832 rendezvous! 

1832 July 28th: Bonneville column arrives just north of Horse Creek and begins construction of Fort Bonneville.

1832: Antoine Robidoux buys out Denis Julien & James Reed & builds Fort Wintey (Uinta) near where the Uintah River crosses White Rock Creek.

1832 August 18^th: Sam Houston meets with Andrew Jackson in Tennessee to pick up money to take to Texas.

1832 August 22nd: Bonneville column breaks camp & marches to the valley of Pierre's Hole.

1832 September 2nd: Bonneville column reaches the valley of Pierre's Hole then on to winter camp on the Salmon River.

1832 September 10^th: Pauline Weaver, now a Catholic, marries Maria Dolores Martin in Taos.

1832 September 26th: Bonneville column reaches winter camp on the Salmon River to modern day Salmon City.

1832 October 8^th: Sam Houston arrives at Fort Gibson.

 Fort Gibson made headquarters for Indian Territory, Secretary of War Lewis Cass wrote to A.P. Chouteau to assist a commission to negotiate treaties with some of the western tribes and arrange for the location on the lands of Indian Territory of tribes coming from the east. The commission was composed of Governor Montford Stokes, of North Carolina, Chairman; Henry L. Ellsworth, of Connecticut, and Reverend John F. Schermerhorn, of Utica, New York. Mr. Ellsworth was the first to arrive, with him came as guests, whom he had met on his journey, and whom he had invited to join him, Washington Irving, Count Portales and Charles J. Latrobe. 

Directly after their arrival they made an expedition of a month with a company of rangers under command of Captain Jesse Bean, his being the first company of that organization to rendezvous at Fort Gibson. The events of this expedition were recorded by Irving in his "Tour of the Prairie", and by Mr. Latrobe in his book called "The Rambler in North America."

1832 October 12th: Joe Walker in the "Little Hole" area of Horse Prairie near Dillion, Montana was attacked by Blackfoot while his guards were playing “Old Sledge”, with several horses being lost. From this day forward Captain Walker always insisted on backing up his position

Old Sledge or Seven up...cards and campfires

1832 November 7th: Walker and 50 men winter upon the Snake River near Pocatello, Idaho.

1832 December: Thomas Fitzpatrick visits with Joe Walker (on the Snake near the mouth of the Blackfoot), Andrew Drips (Henry's Fork) and James Bridger. Also William Ferris.

1832 December: Sam Houston enters Texas and talks to Stephen F. Austin.

1833 January: Andrew Jackson reelected President. Martin Van Buren vice president.

1833 January 15^th: Governor Jose Figueroa arrives in Monterey. Catalina (Mexican brig), J. C. Holmes, master.

1833 January: Ewing Young crosses the Sacramento River. Hudson Bay Company records that three Americans in their employment, Alexander Carson, Thomas Smith and John Turner.

1833 January 16th: John Turner (Jed Smith survivor) left Michel Laframboise of Hudson Bay Company to join Ewing Young.

1833 February 13^th: Sam Houston travels to Natchitoches, Texas sets up his law practice and writes a report to Andrew Jackson.

1833 February 22^nd: Governor, José Figueroa, heard from the citizens of San Diego the government of California at last gave the community of San Diego the status of an official "pueblo". Captain Santiago Arguello appointed Revenue Officer and later help set up the government of San Diego.

1833: West Point graduate Charles Bent helps his brother William to build his second fort.

1833: Kit Carson builds Fort Carson on the Green River at the White River.

1833 April: Santa Anna elected President of Mexico.

1833 May 17th: Walker trapping along the Bear River north of Bear Lake.

1833 June: Captain Walker joined forces with a large encampment of Snake Indians. Considering that John Enos was Bonneville’s guide in 1832, this group of Snakes, were probably those of Chief Cut Nose later lead by Chief Washakie.

1833 June 7th: Green River rendezvous. Joe Walker and his Green River Snake Indians equaled about 50 lodges. Principal Chief of the Wind River Snakes was Iron Wristband (Pahahewakunda) son of Petticoat. His brother was Little Chief (Mohwoomha/Mowama). Both died around 1843. 

1833: Lt. Governor Lilburn Boggs of Missouri and pro-slavery settlers expelled Mormon followers in Jackson County, who were kicked to Clay County (1834-36) and to Caldwell County in (1836-1838)

1833 June 19^th: William & Mary Donoho led by Charles Bent from Council Bluff to Santa Fe where they ran a hotel.

1833 summer: malaria in central valley killing many Indians vicinity Merced River & San Joaquin.

1833 July 13th: Bonneville arrives at Green River.

1833 July 24th: Bonneville sends Michael S. Cerre back to St Louis with 4000 # of beaver pelts & a large package of intelligence that had been collected.

1833 July 24^th: Zenas Leonard joins Captain Walker. Other possible were George Nidever, Isaac Graham, William Ware, and Joseph L. Majors.

1833: Ewing Young trapping in Sacramento Valley, unharried by Mexican Officials.

1833 July 25th: Joe Walker and 58 men including Bill Williams and his rag-tag group of horse thieves, set out for Salt Lake and cross westward to the Pacific as unofficial Agents of the U.S. Government.

1833: William Craig while camped on the Green River with Captain Joe Walker, Old Bill Williams, Joe Meeks, Joe Gale, Mark Head, Bob Michel, Alex Godey, Antoine Janie, and others stated that the object of their trip was to steal horses in California.

1833 August 8th: Walker party kill last buffalo on west side of Salt Lake. They were to make a complete circuit of the Lake, mapping & charting streams and surrounding country.

1833 August 18th: Walker party leave extreme west side of Salt Lake and head west, possibly passing German Valley & Keller wells.

1833 August 20th: Walker party arrive at north/south hill (Newfoundland Mt) on Bonneville salt flats.

1833 August 23rd: Walker party arrive at Pilot Peak.

1833 October 9th: Governor Jose Figueroa grants Wolfskill permission to hunt Sea Otter. Party in Tulare Lake area and King’s River.

1833 September 4th: Captain Walker at Humboldt Sink and Carson Sink “Battle Lakes” engages about 800 Indians. 32 trappers departing the main body of their company gave a swift blow to 80 to 100 Indians leaving 39 of them dead. Walker was no Jed Smith. 

Zenas has their party in the lake area for over a month therefore when Walker left the lakes it was from Walker Lake Nevada they departed. Walker Lake is less than 100 miles from Humbolt or only a 5 day march.

1833 September: Bonneville camped at upper Salmon River.

1833 September: Fort Gibson Rangers were replaced by the organization of the First Regiment of Dragoons in September 1833 under Colonel Henry Dodge and Lt Colonel Stephen W. Kearny.

1833 September 21st: Wolfskill in LA. Married Maria de la Luz Valencia.

1833 October 10th: Walker party camp at Mono Lake.

1833 October: Captain Walker camps near Walker Lake, California just below Mono Pass where he hired two Indian guides. One a Paiute and the other a Mono Indian, possibly one of Chief Ten-ie-ya’s braves.

1833 October 25^th: Captain Walker traveling in the area of Yosemite but was so guided as to not see the valley proper.

1833 November 4^th: John Ball arrives in San Francisco and met Forbes. Governor Figueroa came aboard their ship.

1833 November: Colonel Abraham McClellan involved in an attack on the Mormons in Missouri.

1833 November 18th: Wolfskill daughter born.

1833 November 13^th: Meteor shower; Walker party camp near tide waters of San Francisco & claim to hear the ocean. Ewing Young in the vicinity of Tulare Lake also witness the shower.

1833 November 21^st: Captain Walker reaches the Pacific shores and camps for three days at Ano Nuevo Point located 55 miles south of San Francisco. Suddenly Captain Bradshaw and the ship Lagoda appear off shore. Yes, this is the same Captain Bradshaw that bought Jed Smith’s furs back in 1827. This was no accident. Lagoda, J. Bradshaw, master.

1833 November 24^th: Captain Walker at the house of Scotch-born John Gilroy.

1833 December 1^st: Captain Walker met with Governor Jose Figueroa, General Vallejo and Captain Bradshaw. Figueroa was not only friendly but gracious giving Walker permission to stay the winter and to hunt and trade with the locals.

1833 December: Ewing Young makes a side trip to visit Abel Stearns in San Pedro. Jonathan Trumbull Warner separates and goes to LA. Warner would later own the “Warner Ranch” near Temecula.  Young & Isaac Williams hunting on southern California coast line.

1833 December 29^th: Captain Walker trades his hides and skins to Captain Bradshaw for groceries and ammunition. 

1834 January 1^st: Captain Walker, Governor Figueroa onboard Captain Bradshaw’s ship. The governor offers to give Walker seven square miles of land.

1834 January 9^th: Camped near the Mission San Juan, 6 of Walker’s “Best” horses are stolen by Spaniards.

1834 January 11^th:  Captain Walker was informed by the local magistrate that stealing horses was not a crime. (Joe is pissed)

1834 January 13^th: Walker moves his camp 40 miles to the East of Mission San Juan.  

1834 January 25^th: Captain Walker and 8-10 men travel to Monterey.

1834 January 26^th: A large herd of horses are stolen from Mission San Juan.

1834 January 29^th: Spaniards and several of Walker's men looking for missing horses find a few old Indians, some women and children who are killed.

1834 February 6^th: Captain Walker arrives with 100 horses, 47 cows and 35 dogs.

1834 February 8^th: 40 to 50 Spaniards arrive looking for wild horses. One of Walker's missing horses among this group.

1834 February 12^th: Spaniards and several of Walker’s men return with wild horses.

1834 February 14^th: Captain Walker departs the area heading south with 315 horses, leaving six men in California including George Nidever, John Price, Nathan Daily, George Frazier and  Ezekiel Merritt.

Joe Gale and one other man will join Ewing Young's party and drive horses to Oregon.

1834 February 15^th: Two Spaniards with 25 horses join Walker party.

1834 March 14^th: Ewing Young camped on the Colorado River wrote Abel Stearns in Los Angeles asking about Captain J.B.R. Cooper (plans to erect sawmill) and states he will be in LA by May.

1834 May 1^st: Having crossed the mountains Captain Walker discharges his Indian guides.

At some point, the Walker party had split his company with Bill Williams, Bill Craig, Levin Mitchell, Mark Head, Joe Meeks, Stephen Meeks, Tom Hill & Jonas who went south to the Colorado River then north to Williams Fork where they meet Frapp & Gervias (w/60 trappers). Somewhere also they bump into Kit Carson? (Probably Ft Carson) Bill Craig states that they had 500 to 600 stolen Spanish horses.

1834 May 14^th: Governor Jose Figueroa grants to Juan Bautista Alvardo the “El Sur” roughly 8,880 acres. Soon after the grant was made, the property was acquired by Captain J.B.R. Cooper, Alvarado's uncle by marriage. Although no official transfer was made until 1840, Cooper seems to have been directly involved in the management of the ranch as early as 1834, when he entered into an agreement with Job Dye for the latter to raise mules on the property.

 On May 17, 1834, Governor Figueroa signed a document that confirmed the land to the children of Juan Manuel Nietos the heirs, but divided into five ranchos. These were called Santa Gertrudes, Las Bolsas, Los Alamitos, Los Cerritos, and Los Coyotes. Perhaps some of the heirs were already considering selling their lands, for during the next ten years each of the ranches became the property of other owners. Los Alamitos was sold first to Governor Figueroa and then to Abel Stearns. Rancho Los Cerritos was sold to John Temple.  

1834 May: Ewing Young in Los Angeles; takes a large herd of horses heading north to Oregon summer, Young drove horses to Columbia River.

1834 May 20^th: Marquis de Lafayette died in Paris. The American Flag flown over his grave has never been disturbed for 170 years.

1834 May 30^th: Bonneville dropped from rolls of the US army.

1834: Mark Head in the Taos area where he recovered Captain William D. Stewart’s gun and horse for $500.

1834: Bill Williams in Taos.

1834 June 8^th: Walker in the area of “Battle Lakes” having lost or eaten 64 horses, 10 cows and 15 dogs. It is here that last year’s Indians again attack Walker only to lose 14 more of their braves.

1834 June 13^th: Bonneville at Little Snake Lake (Bear Lake) on the Bear River.

1834 June 16^th: Bonneville finds the Walker party on the Bear River.

1834 June 20th: